|
Pressure Drop in Pipe
(head loss in PSI per hundred feet of pipe for PVC
Class 160 plasic type pipe)
Note:
For head loss in feet, multiply PSI by 2.31. For instance, for 20 GPM
and 1.5" diameter pipe, multiplying 1.34 PSI by 2.31, you get 3.1
feet. That is, for every 100 feet of 1.5" pipe with 20 GPM flowing
through it, you will lose 3.1 feet of head due to friction.
| . |
Nominal
pipe diameter (inches) |
| Flow (GPM) |
1 |
1.25 |
1.5 |
2 |
2.5 |
3 |
4 |
| 1 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
| 2 |
0.14 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
| 3 |
0.32 |
0.09 |
0.05 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
| 4 |
0.53 |
0.16 |
0.09 |
0.02 |
. |
. |
. |
| 5 |
0.81 |
0.25 |
0.12 |
0.05 |
. |
. |
. |
| 6 |
1.13 |
0.35 |
0.18 |
0.07 |
0.02 |
. |
. |
| 7 |
1.52 |
0.46 |
0.23 |
0.07 |
0.02 |
. |
. |
| 8 |
1.94 |
0.58 |
0.30 |
0.09 |
0.05 |
. |
. |
| 9 |
2.42 |
0.72 |
0.37 |
0.12 |
0.05 |
. |
. |
| 10 |
2.93 |
0.88 |
0.46 |
0.16 |
0.07 |
0.02 |
. |
| 12 |
3.51 |
1.04 |
0.53 |
0.18 |
0.07 |
0.02 |
. |
| 14 |
4.11 |
1.22 |
0.65 |
0.21 |
0.09 |
0.02 |
. |
| 16 |
5.47 |
1.64 |
0.85 |
0.28 |
0.12 |
0.05 |
. |
| 18 |
7.02 |
2.10 |
1.09 |
0.37 |
0.14 |
0.05 |
. |
| 20 |
. |
2.61 |
1.34 |
0.46 |
0.18 |
0.07 |
0.02 |
| 22 |
. |
3.16 |
1.64 |
0.55 |
0.21 |
0.09 |
. |
| 24 |
. |
3.79 |
1.96 |
0.67 |
0.25 |
0.09 |
0.04 |
| 26 |
. |
4.43 |
2.31 |
0.79 |
0.30 |
0.12 |
0.05 |
| 28 |
. |
5.15 |
2.66 |
0.90 |
0.35 |
0.14 |
0.05 |
| 30 |
. |
5.91 |
3.05 |
1.04 |
0.42 |
0.16 |
0.11 |
| 35 |
. |
. |
3.46 |
1.18 |
0.46 |
0.18 |
0.12 |
| 40 |
. |
. |
4.62 |
1.57 |
0.62 |
0.23 |
0.13 |
| 45 |
. |
. |
. |
1.99 |
0.79 |
0.30 |
0.15 |
| 50 |
. |
. |
. |
2.49 |
0.79 |
0.30 |
0.20 |
| 55 |
. |
. |
. |
3.03 |
1.20 |
0.46 |
0.25 |
| 60 |
. |
. |
. |
3.60 |
1.43 |
0.55 |
0.30 |
| 65 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
1.66 |
0.65 |
0.35 |
| 70 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
1.94 |
0.74 |
0.40 |
| 75 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
2.22 |
0.85 |
0.45 |
| 80 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
2.52 |
0.97 |
0.50 |
| 85 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
2.84 |
1.09 |
0.60 |
| 90 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
3.19 |
1.22 |
. |
| 100 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
1.36 |
0.80 |
| 150 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
1.50 |
1.60 |
| 200 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
1.66 |
2.70 |
| 300 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
5.80 |
| 400 |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
. |
9.90 |
Flow
in Gallons per Minute
Through Various Sizes of Nozzle
Power output of
a hydroelectric generator is determined by the pressure of the water at
the nozzle and the amount of water flowing out of the nozzle. The larger
the nozzle, the greater the flow will be. The nozzle must also be sized
small enough to keep your pipline full and keep the speed of the water
in the pipe below 5 feet per second. This table shows water flow through
various size nozzles at given pressures. Use it to determine what size
nozzles you need to accommodate the flow of water you have and deliver
the amount of power you need.
| Pressure
at the turbine in PSI (Feet = 2.31 x PSI |
| Nozzle
Size |
20 |
30 |
40 |
50 |
60 |
70 |
80 |
100 |
| 1/8" |
2.0 |
2.6 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
4.2 |
4.7 |
| 5/32" |
3.3 |
4.0 |
4.6 |
5.2 |
5.7 |
6.1 |
6.5 |
7.3 |
| 3/16" |
4.7 |
5.8 |
6.6 |
7.4 |
8.1 |
8.8 |
9.4 |
10.5 |
| 7/32" |
6.4 |
7.9 |
9.0 |
10.1 |
11.1 |
12.0 |
12.7 |
14.2 |
| 1/4" |
8.4 |
10.2 |
11.8 |
13.2 |
14.5 |
15.7 |
16.7 |
18.7 |
| 9/32" |
10.5 |
13.0 |
14.9 |
16.6 |
18.3 |
19.8 |
21.1 |
23.5 |
| 5/16" |
13.0 |
16.0 |
18.4 |
20.6 |
22.6 |
25.1 |
27.6 |
31.0 |
| 11/32" |
15.7 |
19.3 |
22.2 |
24.8 |
27.2 |
29.4 |
31.4 |
35.0 |
| 3/8" |
18.8 |
23.0 |
26.6 |
29.6 |
32.5 |
35.1 |
37.6 |
42.0 |
| 13/32" |
22.0 |
27.2 |
31.2 |
34.8 |
38.2 |
41.3 |
44.1 |
48.3 |
| 7/16" |
25.5 |
31.2 |
36.0 |
40.4 |
44.4 |
48.0 |
50.4 |
56.8 |
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